Differences between Chinese medicine and Japanese Chinese medicine

 1 What is Chinese medicine?

In China, the word "Chinese medicine" refers to "Chinese traditional medicine". It includes treatments such as Chinese medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion, tui na (massage), and guidance (qigong).


Strictly speaking, Japanese "Chinese medicine" does not mean "Chinese medicine", but is a technical term of traditional Japanese medicine.


In Japan, Western medicine that entered Japan from the Netherlands in the Edo period came to be called "Ranpo", so the medicine of the Chinese Han era that was introduced to Japan before that, that is, crude drug (Chinese "" After using "Chinese medicine"), traditional medicine that became mainland in Japan came to be called "Kanpo" to distinguish it from Dutch medicine. This is the reason why "Chinese medicine" refers only to "Chinese medicine" in Japan today.


Also, in Japan, the main composition of "Oriental medicine" is a combination of "Kampo medicine" that uses crude drugs and "acupuncture and moxibustion medicine" that uses acupuncture and moxibustion.


2 Medical education system

In China, a comprehensive Chinese medicine education system for university and graduate students has been established by establishing a Chinese medicine university and graduate school.


Japan does not have a Chinese medicine education system like China. After the Meiji Restoration, Japan recognized Western medicine as the only medicine and excluded "Kampo" from the medical system.


In 2001, the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare added an item "to outline Japanese and Chinese medicine" to "Medical Education Model Core Curriculum-Educational Content Guidelines-", and in 2016, further "Characteristics of Kampo Medicine and Main I can outline the indications and pharmacological actions of Japanese and Chinese medicines (Chinese medicines). " Currently, all medical colleges of medicine have introduced Chinese medicine education, but since the number of classes taken is still small, most of the knowledge of Chinese medicine is available after graduating from university, depending on one's interests and medical needs. You can get it by self-study or by participating in various study sessions.


3 Doctor qualification (license)

In China, if you graduate from Chinese Medicine University, you can take the national Chinese medicine license examination (after graduation, you need an intern for one year to take the national examination). If you pass, you can get a doctor's license. A Chinese doctor who has a Chinese doctor's license can prescribe Chinese medicine as well as Western medicine (new medicine). With education and training, surgery is also possible.


In Japan, only graduates of medical colleges can obtain a doctor's license (Western medicine doctor). There is no doctor (Chinese medicine) license system like "Traditional Chinese medicine" and "Chinese medicine". In other words, the only doctors who can prescribe Chinese medicine in Japan are those who have graduated from medical college and obtained a doctor's license.


4 Chinese medicine prescription

The latest dictionary "Simplified Chinese Medicine Dictionary", which was published in China in 2002 and fully reflects the current situation of Chinese medicine, contains 3,474 compound prescriptions and simple crude drug preparations that are commonly used clinically by 2000. Is recorded. Most of them are new medicines researched and developed by Chinese medicine scholars in modern times.


Japanese Chinese herbs are divided into two types, medical and general. Medical Chinese medicine requires a doctor's prescription and is covered by the National Health Insurance, but there are a total of 148 types, most of which are ancient prescriptions listed in ancient medical books. Over-the-counter Chinese medicine is a so-called non-prescription drug (OTC) that is sold at pharmacies, drug stores, drug stores, etc. Some have the same name as medical Chinese medicine, and some crude drug preparations are not available in medical Chinese medicine. Health insurance does not apply.


5 Medical theory

Traditional Chinese medicine has been inherited and developed by successive doctors based on the theory of Yin-Yang, Gogyo, Zang-fu, Qi-Blood, and Meridian, which was introduced from "Huangdi Neijing". In the treatment of illness, we focus on people and emphasize "apology". For example, in the case of a cold, instead of taking the same Chinese medicine, we will look at the specific situation of the patient and give out the appropriate Chinese medicine for each. In this way, the ideas and methods peculiar to Chinese medicine such as "Tongzhi Era" and "Tongzhi Era" were born.


Japanese Kampo does not emphasize the theory of apology based on theories such as Yin-Yang Zang-fu, but basically uses Kampo medicine according to the prescription and usage published in the classics. For example, the prescription published in the old "Theory of Injury and Cold Diseases" is basically used as described.


6 Use Chinese medicine

Based on the theory of Chinese medicine, many prescriptions have been created from ancient times to the present, and new Chinese medicines (formulated Chinese medicines) are constantly being developed in response to the progress of the times.


The "National Basic Drug Catalog" (2018 edition) contains 268 kinds of intermediate drugs. In addition to the basic drugs covered by medical and health insurance, countless OTC intermediate drugs are often found in Chinese pharmacies. There are various types of dosage forms such as pills, tablets, granules, syrups, and injections. This is also one of the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine. Since the usage of traditional Chinese medicine, which emphasizes theories such as "apology" and "apology", requires knowledge and experience, it seems difficult to apply it in practice without skill.


Japanese medical Chinese medicine is basically granules, and there are many ancient prescriptions, and there is no new Chinese medicine that has been researched and developed in modern times. In Japanese medical practice, there is a strong tendency to recognize Chinese medicine as a medicine, and even if you do not have knowledge of Chinese medicine, doctors can prescribe Chinese medicine according to the "Kanpo Manual (Guide)". For example, even a doctor who does not know the contents of Kakkonto, one of the famous Chinese medicines, often prescribes it. According to Chinese medicine theory, Kakkonto is suitable for colds, headaches, stiff backs, and sweatless colds, but not for colds with high fever, sweaty, swelling and pain in the throat. Hmm. This kind of usage is not emphasized much in Japanese Kampo. Of course, some doctors prescribe Chinese medicine by referring to the ideas of traditional Chinese medicine.


7 Diagnostic method

Traditional Chinese medicine decides the "testimony" (type) by comprehensively judging the patient's information obtained by "seeing (seeing) hearing (listening) questioning (questioning) cutting (touching)" as "apology theory". Decide on a treatment policy and prescription. In particular, we place great importance on tongue diagnosis and pulse diagnosis.


Japanese Kampo often prescribes Kampo medicine according to the name of the disease or the main symptoms. In addition, we emphasize abdominal examination (palpation of the abdomen) rather than pulse diagnosis. The abdominal examination was originally described in "Theory of Injury and Cold Diseases", which seems to be one of the reasons why Japanese Kampo emphasizes abdominal examination.


8 Combination with Western medicine

Chinese Chinese doctors are taking not only Chinese medicine but also Western medicine at university, but the country recommends that Chinese doctors study Western medicine and Western doctors study Chinese medicine. Alternatively, as an educational system, some universities also have a Nakanishi Medical School (major).


Since all Japanese doctors are familiar with Western medicine, it is basically the mainstream to look at the patient's illness from the perspective of Western medicine.


9 Medical facility

In China, as a national policy, we have opened public Chinese medicine hospitals in each region to examine outpatients and inpatients. Most Western medicine-centered general hospitals also have a Chinese medicine clinic (outpatient). There is also a hospital specializing in Nakanishi Medical Combined Medicine.


In Japan, in addition to Kampo clinics, clinics and clinics, some general hospitals and university hospitals also have Kampo outpatient clinics and Kampo internal medicine clinics.

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